考研英语二阅读真题词汇（一）
be under fire for
因…受到严厉批评
-- But by the end of 2009 Mrs.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee.
然而，2009年底，Mrs.Simmons却因任职于高盛公司薪酬委员会而受到攻击。
sit (sat) on
任职于；为…的一员
– He was asked to sit on numerous committees
他受邀担任过许多委员会的委员。
【同义替换】：sit on = serve as 担任；就职
compensation
n.薪酬；补偿；赔偿
– He received one year’s salary as compensation for loss of office.
他得到一年的工资作为失业补偿金。
committee
n.委员会
– She’s on the management committee.
她任管理委员会委员。
enormous
adj.巨大的；庞大的；极大的
– The problems facing the President are enormous.
总统面临的问题是巨大的。
【联想】：①tremendous adj.极大的；巨大的 ②numerous adj.许多的；很多的 ③massive adj.大量的 ④numerical adj.数字的
bonus
n.奖金；红利；额外津贴
– He decided to quit his job after getting the bonus.
他决定在领到奖金后辞职。
payout
n.支出；花费
– Model research on the optimize decision of financial payout.
财政支出的优化决策模型研究。
【联想】：①payout = outlay 支出；花费 ②expense = expenditure 花费；开支 ③layout 设计；布置
unremarked
adj.未被注意的
– How could she have let those enormous bonus payout pass unremarked?
她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出毫无察觉地就通过了呢？
【联想】：①mark 标记 ②remark 注意
excessive
adj.过度的；过分的
– Excessive drinking will undoubtedly affect one’s health.
饮酒过度，势必影响健康。
【联想】：①excess adj.超重的；过量的 ②exceed v.超过
fulfill
v.履行；实现；完成
– He did not fulfill his individual responsibility at all.
他根本没有履行他个人的职责。
【联想】：①full adj.完全的 ②fill v.充满
compromise
n/v.妥协；和解
– I refuse to compromise my principles.
我拒绝在原则问题上妥协。
tough
adj.艰苦的；强硬的
– It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好节奏。
【联想】：①touch v.触摸 n.触觉 ②rough adj.粗糙的 ③cough v/n.咳嗽 ④dough n.金钱；生面团 ⑤bough n.大树枝
criticize
v.批评；责备
– Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her.
她的父母责备其学校疏于对孩子的保护。
【联想】：①critic n.批评家 ②critical adj.批评的 ③criticise v.批评 ④criticism n.批评 ⑤crisis n.危机
director
n.董事；负责人
– She is thought of as a possible director.
人们认为她有可能成为董事。
【联想】：①direct adj.直接的 ②direction n.说明；方向
be supposed to
应该；被认为
– Do not be alarmed you are supposed to lose.
不是惊慌你是应该失去。
【同义替换】：be supposed to = ought to = be expected to = should
invest
v.投资；投入
– The money will be invested in managed funds.
这笔钱将投资于管理基金。
【联想】：①invent v.发明 ②investigate v.调查 ③invite v.邀请
generous
adj.慷慨的；大方的
– Generous in providing aid to others.
慷慨的给予他人帮助。
【联想】：①gene n.基因 ②generate v.产生；生成 ③generation n.代；辈 ④general adj.总的；一般的
unbiased
adj.无偏见的；公正的
– A simple unbiased account of events。
对事情纯然无偏见的叙述。
【联想】：①bias n&v.偏心 = prejudice ②biased adj.有偏见的 ③impartial adj.无偏见的；公正的 = fair =just ④unjust adj.不公正的
executive
(1) n.管理人员；经理
– A good executive usually gets on well with people.
一个好的行政管理人员通常与人们相处得很好。
(2) adj.决策的；行政的
– Involved in an executive capacity.
与决策力相关的。
forecast
n./v.预测；预报
– The government is forecasting an economic recovery.
政府预测经济会复苏。
【联想】：predict v.预言；预测
board
(1) n.董事会；板
– She was voted onto the board of governors.
她获选入董事会。
(2) v.上船（或火车、飞机等）
– All the students have gone on board.
所有的学生都已上船了。
【联想】：①broad 宽敞的 ②aboard 在船上；在飞机上 ③abroad 到国外
firm
(1) n.公司；商行
– Several new firms have now entered the market.
有几家新公司已打入市场。
(2) adj.坚固的；结实的
– The equipment must rest on horizontal and firm ground.
此设备必须放置在水平并且坚固的地面上。
departure
n.离开；出发
– His departure passed unnoticed.
他神不知、鬼不觉地离开了。
subsequently
adv.随后；后来
– Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees.
随后，新的准则发给了所有雇员。
【联想】：subsequent adj.随后的
restate
v.重申；重述
– Let me restate that vision briefly.
让我简单重申我的理想。
earning
(1) n.营收；收入
-- The probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%.
该公司随后不得不重新公布盈利的可能性增加了近20%。
(2) v.赚得；获得
– Tom was earning 5 pounds.
汤姆赚了5英磅。
likelihood
n.可能性
– There didn’t seem much likelihood of it happening.
这种事情发生的可能性不大。
federal
adj.联邦（制）的；(在美国、加拿大等联邦制下)联邦政府的
– The new proposals would absorb $80 billion of the federal budget.
这些新提案将耗费800亿元联邦政府预算。
lawsuit
n.诉讼；起诉
– Disney and Marvel did not respond, the lawsuit claims.
该诉讼称，迪士尼和漫威没有回应。
stock
(1) n.股票；库存
– Prices continued to fall on the stock market today.
今天股票市场价格继续下跌。
(2) v.备有；贮存(食物、书籍等)
– Stock up for the winter.
贮存起来以备冬季使用。
【联想】：①stake 股份 ②stack 一堆 ③stick 刺 ④strife 冲突 ⑤strive 奋斗 ⑥streak 条纹
attractive
adj.有吸引力的
– They may refuse to trade, even when offered attractive prices
即便对方的报价很有吸引力，他们也有可能拒绝进行交易。
【联想】：sttract v.吸引；引起
record
(1) n.记录；唱片
– Accurate records must be kept at all times.
任何时候都必须保存准确的记录。
(2) v.记录；录制
– She has recently recorded a programme for television.
她最近录制了一档电视节目。
wrongdoing
n.不法行为；不道德行为
– The bank denies any wrongdoing.
银行否认有任何违规行为。
accustomed
(1) adj.习惯的；惯常的
– He was accustomed to rising early.
他习惯于早起。
(2) v.习惯
– I must accustom myself to take long walks.
我得使自己习惯于走远路。
【短语】：be accustomed to … 习惯于…
incentive
n.刺激；动机
– Competition is a strong incentive to industry.
竞争给产业以有力的刺激。
【联想】：①impel v.推动 ②stimulate v.刺激；激励 ③irritate v.激怒 ④motivate v.动机；动力 ⑤encourage v.激励 ⑥excite v.激发 ⑦provoke v.刺激 ⑧prompt v.促使 ⑨inspire v.鼓舞 ⑩impulse v.推动
permissive
adj.许可的；放纵的
– Single parents are more likely to be permissive.
单亲家庭的父母更容易放任自己的孩子。
scornful
adj.轻蔑的；鄙夷的
– He is deeply scornful of politicians.
他非常看不起政客。
【联想】：scorn v.蔑视
